The Khalkhal Khanate ( fa, خانات خالخال) was an 18th-19th century
khanate
A khaganate or khanate was a polity ruled by a khan, khagan, khatun, or khanum. That political territory was typically found on the Eurasian Steppe and could be equivalent in status to tribal chiefdom, principality, kingdom or empire.
Mong ...
based in
Khalkhal. Khanate of Khalkhal was one of the khanates, located in historic
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...
which remained semi-independent for 62 years.
Founding
The khanate was formed after assassination of
Nader Shah
Nader Shah Afshar ( fa, نادر شاه افشار; also known as ''Nader Qoli Beyg'' or ''Tahmāsp Qoli Khan'' ) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian h ...
in 1747 and was founded by
Qizilbash
Qizilbash or Kizilbash ( az, Qızılbaş; ota, قزيل باش; fa, قزلباش, Qezelbāš; tr, Kızılbaş, lit=Red head ) were a diverse array of mainly Turkoman Shia militant groups that flourished in Iranian Azerbaijan, Anatolia, the ...
tribes, especially Amirli clan of
Afshars.
Founder of the khanate was Amir-Guna Khan (1747-1782), a former governor of
Gilan. He formed an alliance with
Fath-Ali Khan Afshar Fath-Ali Khan Afshar ( fa, فتحعلی خان افشار), was a chieftain from the Afshars of Urmia, Afshar tribe of Urmia, and one of the four contenders for supremacy in Iran between 1751–1763. He was ultimately defeated and captured in Februa ...
against
Karim Khan Zand
Mohammad Karim Khan Zand ( fa, محمدکریم خان زند, Mohammad Karīm Khân-e Zand; ) was the founder of the Zand Dynasty, ruling from 1751 to 1779. He ruled all of Iran (Persia) except for Khorasan. He also ruled over some of the Cauc ...
, later betraying him to the latter. After Karim Khan's death he forged alliance with Gilan against
Nazarali Khan Shahsevan.
Report
of Alexander Suvorov
Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров, Aleksándr Vasíl'yevich Suvórov; or 1730) was a Russian general in service of the Russian Empire. He was Count of Rymnik, Count of the Holy ...
on 30 June 1780: ''Nazar Ali Khan, who owned the city of Rasht after the departure of Hedayat Khan, having heard about the approach of the army sent from Isfahan from Ali Morad khan Sardar, taking the best estate from the inhabitants of Rasht, set out from the city to the Mugan steppe, and now, according to the latest news, roams in the land of his relative Ibraim Khan Shoshinsky. Before leaving Rasht, he burned many houses and gardens.'' He was succeeded by his son Farajulla Khan (1782-1786). His younger son Muhammad Hussein Khan, retained power until the establishment of the Qajar state in the region, when Agha Muhammad Shah Qajar (1796-1797) was proclaimed shah. His reign lasted until 1799, when it was absorbed by the Qajar rulers of Iran.
Administration
Khalkhal khanate was ruled by nobles entitled khans, but after Qajar takeover their rulers title demoted to hakims.Aqkand
Aqkand ( fa, آقكند; also Romanized as Āqkand, Āq Kand, Āgh Kand, and Ak-Kend) is a city and capital of Kaghazkonan District, in Meyaneh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, ...
, Kaghazkonan District Kaghazkonan District ( fa, بخش کاغذکنان) is a district (bakhsh) in Meyaneh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 11,101, in 3,241 families. The District has one city: Aqkand. The District has thr ...
) and Hir mahals.
References
History of Ardabil Province
Khalkhal County
States and territories established by the Afshar tribe
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